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1832

Frances Jane Lutwidge (wife of Charles Dodgson, cousin and clergyman) gave birth to Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, in January the 27th (1832) in the little parsonage of Daresbury in Warrington, Cheshire, England. He is the eldest son and third child in a family of seven girls and four boys.

Context: The Great Reform Bill finally received the royal assent on 7 June 1832. Before 1832, England was ruled by a oligarchy of landowners. After this date the urban middle class had an increasing say. In France, the French Revolution of 1830 ended in a constitutional monarchy ruled by Louis-Philippe. Gustave Eiffel and Edouard Manet are born.

Previous – Index Next (1839)

Sources:

Carroll

“Lewis Carroll”, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 17 Oct 2009

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Carroll>

History

“England in the XIX Century”, Tim Lambert.

© LocalHistories.org. Oct. 2009

<http://www.localhistories.org/19thcentengland.html>

“Timeline Index: 1832”, Timeline Index

© Timeline Index 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://www.timelineindex.com/content/search.php?s=1832&sb.x=0&sb.y=0>

1839

Amongst his reading list appears “The Pilgrim’s Progress“, which he reads at the age of seven, revealing a precocious intellect.

Silhouette of Dodgson, aged 8~
Silhouette of Dodgson, aged 8~

Context: Opium Wars (a.k.a. Anglo-Chinese Wars) start in China First Opium War ranges from 1839 to 1842. Civil war in the Federal Republic of Central America led to the foundings of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. In 1839 John Bright and Richard Cobden formed an Anti-Corn Law League, to achieve the abolition of the Corn Laws.

Previous (1832)IndexNext (1843)

Sources

Carroll:

“Lewis Carroll”, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 17 Oct 2009

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Carroll>

“Brief bio: Early Life”, The Carroll Myth

© The Carroll Myth, 2009. Oct. 2009

<http://www.carrollmyth.com/briefbiography1.html>

History:

“Corn Laws.” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.

© Wikipedia. 8 Sep 2009 Oct 2009

<http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corn_Laws>

“XIX Century” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 9 Oct 2009

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_century>

“England in the XIX Century”, Tim Lambert.

© LocalHistories.org. Oct. 2009

<http://www.localhistories.org/19thcentengland.html>

1843

Drawing representing Croft Rectory, by Carroll
Drawing representing Croft Rectory, by Carroll

The Dodgson family moved to the Croft-on-Tees Rectory, Yorkshire, as his father was given a larger parish. He held that post for the rest of his life. Carroll had been educated at home until the age of 12. A collection of treasures hidden under the nursery floor at Croft in 1843 included a small thimble, a child’s white glove, and a child’s ‘left-hand shoe’—objects that had their individual significance for the Dodo, the White Rabbit and the White Knight. There was also a block of wood with these words scribbled on it in Charles’s hand:

And we’ll wander through the wide world and chase the buffalo.

Context: The Victorian Era had begun in 1837, and would end in 1901. Queen Victoria‘s reign is considered the apex of the British Empire. Slavery is baned through the Abolition Act. Meanwhile by the 1840s public opinion changed in favour of free trade. Most people believed that government should interfere in the economy as little as possible. They also believed that countries should trade without import duties. Many tariffs were abolished.

Previous (1839)IndexNext (1844)

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Sources

Carroll:

“A biography of Lewis Carroll”, Derek Hudson

© 2000 Philip Atkinson

<http://www.ourcivilisation.com/smartboard/shop/hudsond/carroll/>

“Lewis Carroll Biography” Famous People

© Famous People. Oct. 2009

<http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/lewis-carroll-6.php>

“Brief bio: Early Life”, The Carroll Myth

© The Carroll Myth, 2009. Oct. 2009

<http://www.carrollmyth.com/briefbiography1.html>

History:

“England in the XIX Century”, Tim Lambert.

© LocalHistories.org. Oct. 2009

<http://www.localhistories.org/19thcentengland.html>

1844

In August he attended Richmond School for the first time. It was a small private institution, where he appears to be happy and settled.

Context: First publicly funded telegraph line in the world—between Baltimore and Washington. Dumas published both “The Count of Montecristo” and “The Three Musketeers“; Nietzsche and Karl Benz were born. Millerite movement awaits the Second Advent of Jesus Christ on October 22. Christ’s non-appearance becomes known as the Great Disappointment.

Previous (1843)IndexNext (1845)

Sources

Carroll:

“Brief bio: early life”, The Carroll Myth

© The Carroll Myth, 2009. Oct. 2009

<http://www.carrollmyth.com/briefbiography1.html>

History:

“XIX Century” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 9 Oct 2009

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_century>

“Timeline Index: 1844”, Timeline Index

© Timeline Index 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://www.timelineindex.com/content/search.php?s=1844&sb.x=0&sb.y=0>

1845

The beginning of the “Rectory Magazines”, manuscript compilations to which all the family were supposed to contribute. In fact, Charles wrote nearly all of those that survive, beginning with Useful and Instructive Poetry (not published until 1854), produced at the age of thirteen, contains remarkable anticipations of Humpty Dumpty and of the Mouse’s tail in Alice.

Humpty Dumpty - illustrated by Tenniel in Through the Looking Glass
Humpty Dumpty – illustrated by Tenniel in Through the Looking Glass

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Context: Unification of the Kingdom of Tonga under Tāufaʻāhau. The New Zealand Land Wars (1845-72). Starts the Irish Potato Famine, which leads to the Irish diaspora. Röntgen discovers X-rays, 1895.

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Sources

Carroll:

“Lewis Carroll”, Chris Fleetwood

© Castle View Richmond, Yorkshire and the Dales, 2009. Oct 2009.

<http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/town/parade/hq69/Pages/carroll.html>

“File:Humpty Dumpty Tenniel.jpg”, Wikimedia Commons.

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Humpty_Dumpty_Tenniel.jpg>

History:

“XIX Century” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 9 Oct 2009

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_century>

“Timeline Index: 1845”, Timeline Index

© Timeline Index 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://www.timelineindex.com/content/search.php?s=1845&sb.x=0&sb.y=0>

1846

In 1846, young Dodgson moved on to Rugby School, where he was evidently less happy, for as he wrote some years after leaving the place:

“I cannot say … that any earthly considerations would induce me to go through my three years again … I can honestly say that if I could have been … secure from annoyance at night, the hardships of the daily life would have been comparative trifles to bear.”

Scholastically, though, he excelled with apparent ease. “I have not had a more promising boy his age since I came to Rugby” observed R.B. Mayor, the Mathematics master. At Rugby, he was a diligent, but not very happy pupil: He disliked his four years at public school, principally because of his innate shyness, although he was also subjected to a certain amount of bullying; he also endured several illnesses, one of which left him deaf in one ear.

Painting of Rugby School (1852)
Painting of Rugby School (1852)

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Context: The Mexican-American War leads to Mexico’s cession of much of the modern-day Southwestern United States. Mormon migration to Utah. The Revolutions of 1848: These were a series of political and economic revolts that took place in Europe because of a recession and abuse of political power. The participants in the revolutions were the Poles, Danes, Germans, Italians, Czechs, Slovaks, Slovaks, Hungarians, Croats, and the Romanians.

Previous (1845)Index Next (1849)

Sources

Carroll:

“Rugby School”, RichardLindon.com

© RichardLindon.com 2009. Oct. 2009.

<http://www.richardlindon.com/7.html>

“Brief bio: Early Life”, The Carroll Myth

© The Carroll Myth, 2009. Oct. 2009

<http://www.carrollmyth.com/briefbiography1.html>

“Lewis Carroll”, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 17 Oct 2009

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Carroll>

“Lewis Carroll” Keith Parkins September 2005 rev 5

© Keith Parkins 1998-2005. Oct 2009

<http://www.heureka.clara.net/art/carroll.htm>

History:

“XIX Century” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 9 Oct 2009

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_century>

1849

At the unusually late age of seventeen (1849) he suffered a severe attack of whooping cough which left him with poor hearing in his right ear and was probably responsible for his chronically weak chest in later life. He left Rugby at the end of 1849 and, after an interval which remains unexplained, went on in January 1851 to Oxford.

Context: Working-class’ conditions were slightly improving: in 1847 women and children were banned from working more than 10 hours a day in textile factories. Seneca Falls Convention (1848) is the first women’s rights convention in the United States and leads to the battle for suffrage and women’s legal rights. Development of means of transport: by 1848 there were 5,000 miles of railways in Britain and the network continued to expand rapidly in the later 19th century. The Communist Manifesto is published a year before. Revolutions of 1848 start in Europe.

Previous (1846)IndexNext (1850)

Sources

Carroll:

“Lewis Carroll: A Brief Biography”, Carloine Leach. 25 November 2004.

© Victorian Web. Oct 2009

<http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/carroll/bio1.html>

“Lewis Carroll”, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 17 Oct 2009

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Carroll>

History:

“England in the XIX Century”, Tim Lambert.

© LocalHistories.org. Oct. 2009

<http://www.localhistories.org/19thcentengland.html>

“Timeline Index: 1849”, Timeline Index

© Timeline Index 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://www.timelineindex.com/content/search.php?s=1849&sb.x=0&sb.y=0>

1850

He was matriculated (May 23) at Christ Church, Oxford, but unable to take up residence as insufficient room for undergraduates at that time. In the holidays between 1845 and 1850 he edited a number of magazines for his own amusement; the most entertaining of these was The Rectory Umbrella, which he illustrated as well as wrote. In this were the first nonsense rhymes and humorous drawings. “Seldom,” says Walter De La Mare, ‘has any child shown himself so clearly the father-to-be of the man.”

Fifth ed. of the Rectory Magazine, 1850
Fifth ed. of the Rectory Magazine, 1850

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Context: Emergence of Advertising in America: Volney B. Palmer opens the first American advertising agency. Stevenson, Writer of Jekyll and Hyde was born in Edinburgh’s New Town in 1850. The Little Ice Age ends around this time: it was a period of cooling occurring after a warmer North Atlantic era known as the Medieval Warm Period.

Previous (1849)IndexNext (1851)

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Sources

Carroll:

“Charles Lutwidge Dodgson: A Chronology of His Life” , Edward Wakeling 2004-Jul-19

© The Library of Congress. Oct 2009

<http://memory.loc.gov/intldl/carrollhtml/lctime.html>

“Lewis Carroll (1832-1898)”, Victorian Station.

Copyright© 1999-2001 Victorian Station. Oct. 2009.

<http://www.victorianstation.com/authorcarroll.htm>

“A Lewis Carroll Centenary Exhibition: Early Life at Croft Rectory”, Harry Ransom Center

© Harry Ransom Center The University of Texas at Austin 2007. Oct. 2009

<http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/web/carroll/lc2.html>

History:

“XIX Century” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 9 Oct 2009

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_century>

“Timeline Index: 1850”, Timeline Index

© Timeline Index 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://www.timelineindex.com/content/search.php?s=1850&sb.x=0&sb.y=0>

1851

He enrolled into Christ Church College of Oxford University, his father’s old college, in 1851 (January 24). Oxford will be his home for the rest of his life. His mother dies a few days later of “Inflammation of the Brain” — perhaps meningitis or a stroke — at the age of forty-seven. (January 26). He became a resident of that college, and “from that day to the hour of his death a period of forty-seven years he belonged to ‘the House,’ never leaving it for any length of time. . .”

University of Oxford - Coat of Arms
University of Oxford – Coat of Arms

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Context: 1851–60s: Victorian gold rush in Australia. The Taiping Rebellion in China, started in the same year, is the bloodiest conflict of the century. The Great Exhibition in London was the world’s first international Expo or World’s Fair. Massachusetts passed the first modern adoption law, recognizing adoption as a social and legal operation based on child welfare rather than adult interests. “Moby Dick” is written by Herman Melville.

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Sources

Carroll:

“Lewis Carroll (1832-1898)”, Victorian Station.

Copyright© 1999-2001 Victorian Station. Oct. 2009.

<http://www.victorianstation.com/authorcarroll.htm>

“Lewis Carroll”, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 17 Oct 2009

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Carroll>

“University of Oxford: Coat of Arms”, Wikimedia Commons.

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:OUCOAcolourCopyrightKaihsuTai.png>

History:

“XIX Century” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 9 Oct 2009

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_century>

“England in the XIX Century”, Tim Lambert.

© LocalHistories.org. Oct. 2009

<http://www.localhistories.org/19thcentengland.html>

“Timeline Index: 1851”, Timeline Index

© Timeline Index 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://www.timelineindex.com/content/search.php?s=1851&sb.x=0&sb.y=0>

1852

Dodgson excelled in his mathematical and classical studies in 1852, receiving a First in Honour Moderations and was shortly thereafter nominated to a Studentship (equivalent to a fellowship carrying a small stipend), by his father’s old friend Canon Edward Pusey. However, a little later he failed an important scholarship through his self-confessed inability to apply himself to study. Even so, his talent as a mathematician won him the Christ Church Mathematical Lectureship, which he continued to hold for the next twenty-six years.

Pusey
Edward Pusey

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Context: Gaudí was born in Catalonia. The Duke of Wellington, former prime minister (from 1828 to 1830), passed away that year (1769-1852).

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Sources

Carroll:

“Lewis Carroll”, Chris Fleetwood

© Castle View Richmond, Yorkshire and the Dales, 2009. Oct 2009.

<http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/town/parade/hq69/Pages/carroll.html>

“Lewis Carroll”, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 17 Oct 2009

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Carroll>

History:

“England in the XIX Century”, Tim Lambert.

© LocalHistories.org. Oct. 2009

<http://www.localhistories.org/19thcentengland.html>

“Timeline Index: 1852”, Timeline Index

© Timeline Index 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://www.timelineindex.com/content/search.php?s=1852&sb.x=0&sb.y=0>

1853

In about 1853 Dodgson began a new series of numbered diary volumes which he continued to keep until his death, and most of these do survive, although even here the record is not complete. Some members of his family deliberately cut out and destroyed certain pages: most of this missing material dates from a single decade (between 1853 and 1863), and is so extensive that it amounts to five and a half years of missing time.

Context: 1853–56: Crimean War between France, the United Kingdom, the Ottoman Empire and Russia. Vincent Van Gogh, one of the four great Post-impressionists is born in Zudern (the Netherlands).

Previous (1852)IndexNext (1854)

Sources

Carroll:

“A Lewis Carroll Centenary Exhibition: Carroll at Oxford”, Harry Ransom Center

© Harry Ransom Center The University of Texas at Austin 2007. Oct. 2009

<http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/web/carroll/lc3.html>

History:

“XIX Century” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 9 Oct 2009

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_century>

“Timeline Index: 1853”, Timeline Index

© Timeline Index 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://www.timelineindex.com/content/search.php?s=1853&sb.x=0&sb.y=0>

1854

In 1854 he gained a first in mathematical Finals—coming out at the head of the class—and obtained also a Second Class in Classics; later he proceeded to a bachelor of arts degree in December of the same year. Between 1854 and 1856, his work (poetry and short stories) appeared in the national publications, The Comic Times and The Train, as well as smaller magazines like the Whitby Gazette and the Oxford Critic. Most of this output was humorous, sometimes satirical. An ingredient of Alice derives from the poem ‘She’s all my fancy painted him’, which formed the basis of the White Rabbit’s ‘evidence’ at the trial of the Knave of Hearts, was composed in 1854, the earliest influence to his later work. At this date, he prepares for ordination into the Church.

Context: The Convention of Kanagawa formally ends Japan’s policy of isolation. Oscar Wilde, renowned Irish poet and dramatist was born. There were outbreaks of cholera in many towns in 1854 due to disgusting conditions of hygiene.

Previous (1853)IndexNext (1855)

Sources

Carroll:

“Charles Lutwidge Dodgson: A Chronology of His Life” , Edward Wakeling 2004-Jul-19

© The Library of Congress. Oct 2009

<http://memory.loc.gov/intldl/carrollhtml/lctime.html>

“Lewis Carroll”, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 17 Oct 2009

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Carroll>

“A biography of Lewis Carroll”, Derek Hudson

© 2000 Philip Atkinson

<http://www.ourcivilisation.com/smartboard/shop/hudsond/carroll/>

“Who was Lewis Carroll” Britain Unlimited 2002-09

© Britain Unlimited. Oct. 2009

<http://www.britainunlimited.com/Biogs/Carroll.htm>

History:

“XIX Century” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 9 Oct 2009

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_century>

“England in the XIX Century”, Tim Lambert.

© LocalHistories.org. Oct. 2009

<http://www.localhistories.org/19thcentengland.html>

“Timeline Index: 1854”, Timeline Index

© Timeline Index 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://www.timelineindex.com/content/search.php?s=1854&sb.x=0&sb.y=0>

1855

Liddell appoints Dodgson honorary Master of the House at Christ Church, Oxford–providing privileges within the college, entitling membership in Common Room, and paving way for position as mathematical lecturer (June). He was made a “Master of the House” and a senior student (called a fellow in other colleges) the following year and was appointed lecturer in mathematics (the equivalent of today’s tutor), a post he resigned in 1881. “I do not think I have yet written anything worthy of real publication (in which I do not include the Whitby Gazette or the Oxonian Advertiser), but I do not despair of doing so some day,” he wrote in July 1855.

Context: Abraham Gesner patents kerosene. Opera “Les Vêpres Sicilennes” is produced (Paris). Heavy French/British bombing of Sebastopol, 2000+ killed. Bessemer steelmaking process is patented. Palmerston elected premier of Great Britain (February). Alexander II becomes tsar of Russia (March). Charlotte Brontë dies (March). Great Exhibition opens in Paris (May).

Previous (1854)Index Next (1856)

Sources

Carroll:

“The Lewis Carroll Scrapbook Collection: Timeline 1855-1872″

© Edward Wakeling, March 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://rs6.loc.gov/intldl/carrollhtml/lctime.html>

“Lewis Carroll”, Chris Fleetwood

© Castle View Richmond, Yorkshire and the Dales, 2009. Oct 2009.

<http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/town/parade/hq69/Pages/carroll.html>

“Lewis Carroll”, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 17 Oct 2009

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Carroll>

History:

“Timeline Index: 1855”, Timeline Index

© Timeline Index 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://www.timelineindex.com/content/search.php?s=1855&sb.x=0&sb.y=0>

“1855 in History”, BrainyHistory

© 2001-2009 BrainyMedia.com. Oct. 2009

<http://www.brainyhistory.com/years/1855.html>

1856

In March 1856 he published his first piece of work under the name that would make him famous. A romantic poem called “Solitude” appeared in The Train under the authorship of “Lewis Carroll.” He also took up the new art form of photography. He excelled at it and it became an expression of his very personal inner philosophy. Carroll, who became

a lecturer in mathematics the same year Liddell was appointed Dean (1856), knew the Liddell family well

and was a frequent guest at the Deanery. Liddell’s daughter Alice was, of course, the little girl to whom Carroll narrated the original “Alice’s Adventures Underground.” ‘School class again noisy and troublesome—I have not yet acquired the arts of keeping order’, runs a diary entry of 1856.

Skeffington (brother), taken in 1856
Skeffington (brother), taken in 1856

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Context: Treaty of Paris ends Crimean War (March). Oscar Wilde born (October). John Buchanan elected fifteenth president of United States (November). Powdered milk invented. World’s first oil refinery in Romania.

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Sources

Carroll:

“Lewis Carroll”, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 17 Oct 2009

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Carroll>

“The Lewis Carroll Scrapbook Collection: Timeline 1855-1872″

© Edward Wakeling, March 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://rs6.loc.gov/intldl/carrollhtml/lctime.html>

“A Lewis Carroll Centenary Exhibition: Carroll at Oxford”, Harry Ransom Center

© Harry Ransom Center The University of Texas at Austin 2007. Oct. 2009

<http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/web/carroll/lc3.html>

“A biography of Lewis Carroll”, Derek Hudson

© 2000 Philip Atkinson

<http://www.ourcivilisation.com/smartboard/shop/hudsond/carroll/>

“A Lewis Carroll Centenary Exhibition: Carroll the Photographer”, Harry Ransom Center

© Harry Ransom Center The University of Texas at Austin 2007. Oct. 2009

<http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/web/carroll/lc4.html>

History:

“Timeline Index: 1856”, Timeline Index

© Timeline Index 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://www.timelineindex.com/content/search.php?s=1856&sb.x=0&sb.y=0>

1857

Carroll aged 25 Receives M.A. degree (February). He first met John Ruskin in 1857 and became friendly with him. Publishes “Palace of Humbug” in first issue of The Oxford Critic (April). Sees Tom Taylor’s A Sheep in Wolf’s Clothing at Olympic Theatre (April). Sees thirteen-year-old Kate Terry in role of Ariel in The Tempest (July). Photographs Agnes Grace Weld as “Little Red Riding-Hood” (August). Takes holiday in Scotland (September). Meets Alfred Lord Tennyson and his family in Lake District (September).

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Dido, Carroll's brother Wilfred's dog, taken in 1857
Dido, Carroll’s brother Wilfred’s dog, taken in 1857

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Sisters and Brother, taken by Carroll in 1857
Sisters and Brother, taken by Carroll in 1857

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Old Rectory Garden -1857
Old Rectory Garden -1857

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Context: Lord Baden-Powell, founder of Boy Scouts and Girl Guides, born (February). 1857–58: Indian Rebellion of 1857: Outbreak of Indian mutiny, also known as Sepoy Mutiny (March). Thomas HughesTom Brown’s School Days published.

Previous (1856)IndexNext (1858)

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Sources

Carroll:

“The Lewis Carroll Scrapbook Collection: Timeline 1855-1872″

© Edward Wakeling, March 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://rs6.loc.gov/intldl/carrollhtml/lctime.html>

“A Lewis Carroll Centenary Exhibition: Carroll the Photographer”, Harry Ransom Center

© Harry Ransom Center The University of Texas at Austin 2007. Oct. 2009

<http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/web/carroll/lc4.html>

“A Lewis Carroll Centenary Exhibition: Early Life at Croft Rectory”, Harry Ransom Center

© Harry Ransom Center The University of Texas at Austin 2007. Oct. 2009

<http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/web/carroll/lc2.html>

History:

“Timeline Index: 1857”, Timeline Index

© Timeline Index 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://www.timelineindex.com/content/search.php?s=1857&sb.x=0&sb.y=0>

“XIX Century” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 9 Oct 2009

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_century>

1858

Though information is scarce (Dodgson’s diaries for the years 1858–1862 are missing), it does seem clear that his friendship with the Liddell family was an important part of his life in the late 1850s. Exhibits four photographs at fifth annual exhibition, Photographic Society of London (April). Takes photographs of Liddell sisters, including Alice as “Beggar-Maid” (Summer).

Photograph of Alice Liddell, taken by Carroll
Photograph of Alice Liddell, taken by Carroll

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Context: Princess Royal, Victoria, marries Prince Frederick William of Prussia (January). The Great Eastern, a ship of revolutionary design by renowned Victorian engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel, launched (January). Lord Derby elected premier of Great Britain (February). Atlantic telegraph completed (August).

Previous (1857)IndexNext (1859)

Sources

Carroll:

“Lewis Carroll”, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 17 Oct 2009

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Carroll>

“File: Alice Lidell 2.jpg”, Wikimedia Commons.

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alice_Liddell_2.jpg>

“The Lewis Carroll Scrapbook Collection: Timeline 1855-1872″

© Edward Wakeling, March 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://rs6.loc.gov/intldl/carrollhtml/lctime.html>

History:

“The Lewis Carroll Scrapbook Collection: Timeline 1855-1872″

© Edward Wakeling, March 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://rs6.loc.gov/intldl/carrollhtml/lctime.html>

1859

Visits the Tennysons on Isle of Wight (April). Meets Samuel Wilberforce, Bishop of Oxford, to discuss ordination (July).

Visits studio of sculptor Alexander Munro and takes several photographs (summer). Spends time with Bishop of Durham Charles T. Longley and his family (late summer). Prince of Wales comes to Christ Church, Oxford, as undergraduate (October).

Margaret Anne and Henrietta Mary Lutwidge, taken by Carroll
Margaret Anne and Henrietta Mary Lutwidge, taken by Carroll

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Context: Rudolf Diesel, Inventor Diesel Engine in 1893 and Theodore Roosevelt, 26th Us President are born. Arthur Conan Doyle born (May). Palmerston elected premier for second term (June). Isambard Kingdom Brunel dies (September). Darwin’s Origin of Species published. George Eliot’s Adam Bede published. The Second War of Italian Independence, Franco-Austrian War, or Austro-Sardinian War was fought by Napoleon III of France and the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia against the Austrian Empire in 1859.

Previous (1858)IndexNext (1860)

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Sources

Carroll:

“The Lewis Carroll Scrapbook Collection: Timeline 1855-1872″

© Edward Wakeling, March 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://rs6.loc.gov/intldl/carrollhtml/lctime.html>

“A Lewis Carroll Centenary Exhibition: Carroll the Photographer”, Harry Ransom Center

© Harry Ransom Center The University of Texas at Austin 2007. Oct. 2009

<http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/web/carroll/lc4.html>

History:

“Timeline Index: 1859”, Timeline Index

© Timeline Index 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://www.timelineindex.com/content/search.php?s=1859&sb.x=0&sb.y=0>

“The Lewis Carroll Scrapbook Collection: Timeline 1855-1872″

© Edward Wakeling, March 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://rs6.loc.gov/intldl/carrollhtml/lctime.html>

1860

Dodgson became deeply troubled by an unexplained sense of sin and guilt at this time (the early 1860s), and frequently expressed the view in his diaries that he was a “vile and worthless” sinner, unworthy of the priesthood. Contributes “A Photographer’s Day Out” to The South Shields Amateur Magazine (early in the year). Makes pilgrimage to Daresbury and Richmond–places associated with his early life (Easter). Attends meeting of British Association at Oxford during which Wilberforce and Huxley debate Darwin’s Origin of Species. Photographs several delegates (June/July).

Takes holiday at Whitby, Yorkshire (late summer). Meets Queen Victoria and members of Royal Family at Christ Church Deanery, Oxford (December). Publishes A Syllabus of Plane Algebraical Geometry (month unknown).

Thomas Combe, 1860
Thomas Combe, 1860, Superintendent of the Oxford University Press

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Context: By the 1860s the 10 hour day was common, but not universal. In ‘sweated industries’ such as making matchboxes and lace people were paid piece rates (i.e. they were paid so much for each one they made). People often worked in their own homes and very often they had to work from dawn to dusk to make a living. Max Havelaar,written by a former official of the Dutch East Indian Civil Service under the pen name Multatuli, was first published in Holland in 1860: it ignited a major political and social brouhaha. November 6, 1860 – Abraham Lincoln, who had declared “Government cannot endure permanently half slave, half free…” is elected president, the first Republican. J. M. Barrie, writer of Peter Pan, born (May). Great Eastern arrives in New York (June). Prince of Wales visits United States (August). First patent issued for Yale lock.

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Sources

Carroll:

“Lewis Carroll”, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 17 Oct 2009

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Carroll>

“The Lewis Carroll Scrapbook Collection: Timeline 1855-1872″

© Edward Wakeling, March 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://rs6.loc.gov/intldl/carrollhtml/lctime.html>

“A Lewis Carroll Centenary Exhibition: Carroll at Oxford”, Harry Ransom Center

© Harry Ransom Center The University of Texas at Austin 2007. Oct. 2009

<http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/web/carroll/lc3.html>

History:

“England in the XIX Century”, Tim Lambert.

© LocalHistories.org. Oct. 2009

<http://www.localhistories.org/19thcentengland.html>

“Timeline Index: 1860”, Timeline Index

© Timeline Index 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://www.timelineindex.com/content/search.php?s=1860&sb.x=0&sb.y=0>

“U.S. Civil War 1861-1865″ The History Place. The History Place 1996

© 2009 The History Place™. Oct. 2009

<http://www.historyplace.com/civilwar/index.html>

1861

He delayed the process for some time but eventually took deacon’s orders on 22 December 1861 (he was ordained deacon of Church of England by Wilberforce in Christ Church Cathedral). Begins “letter register” numbering all correspondence sent and received chronologically (January). Reviews Photographic Society of London’s exhibition in The Illustrated Times (January). Visits James Hunt at Ore, near Hastings, to receive help with speech hesitation (April). Publishes The Formula of Plane Trigonometry (June). Attends Oxford University debate on endowment of Greek professorship (November).

Context: 1861–65: American Civil War between the Union and seceding Confederacy. Russia abolishes serfdom. 1861–67: French intervention in Mexico and the creation of the Second Mexican Empire, ruled by Maximilian I of Mexico. Modern Italy became a nation-state belatedly — on March 17, 1861, when most of the states of the peninsula were united under king Victor Emmanuel II of the Savoy dynasty. Dickens writes “Great Expectations“. U.S. civil war begins (April). Queen Victoria calls for British people to remain neutral in American civil war (May). Albert, the Prince Consort, dies (December).

Previous (1860)IndexNext (1862)

Sources

Carroll:

“Lewis Carroll”, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 17 Oct 2009

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Carroll>

“The Lewis Carroll Scrapbook Collection: Timeline 1855-1872″

© Edward Wakeling, March 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://rs6.loc.gov/intldl/carrollhtml/lctime.html>

History:

“XIX Century” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 9 Oct 2009

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_century>

“U.S. Civil War 1861-1865″ The History Place. The History Place 1996

© 2009 The History Place™. Oct. 2009

<http://www.historyplace.com/civilwar/index.html>

“Timeline Index: 1861”, Timeline Index

© Timeline Index 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://www.timelineindex.com/content/search.php?s=1861&sb.x=0&sb.y=0>

1862

Dodgson and his friend Robinson Duckworth, fellow of Trinity, rowed the three children up the Thames from Oxford to Godstow, picnicked on the bank, and returned to Christ Church late in the evening: “On which occasion,” wrote Dodgson in his diary, “I told them the fairy-tale of Alice’s Adventures Underground, which I undertook to write out for Alice.” Visits Isle of Wight and meets the Tennysons and Camerons (April). Becomes editor, College Rhymes (July). Composes medley-song, “Miss Jones,” with help from his sisters (September).

An illustration of "Alice in Wonderland" by Sir John Tenniel
An illustration of “Alice in Wonderland” by Sir John Tenniel

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Context: 1862–1877: Muslim Rebellion in northwest China. The first Emancipation Proclamation, issued on September 22, 1862 by United States President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War, declared the freedom of all slaves in any state of the Confederate States of America.

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Sources

Carroll:

“The Lewis Carroll Scrapbook Collection: Timeline 1855-1872″

© Edward Wakeling, March 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://rs6.loc.gov/intldl/carrollhtml/lctime.html>

“Lewis Carroll”, Chris Fleetwood

© Castle View Richmond, Yorkshire and the Dales, 2009. Oct 2009.

<http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/town/parade/hq69/Pages/carroll.html>

“A Tenniel Gallery (1): Illustrations for Alice in Wonderland”, Victorian Web 2004

© Victorian Web. Oct 2009

<http://www.victorianweb.org/art/illustration/tenniel/alice/gallery1.html>

History:

“U.S. Civil War 1861-1865″ The History Place. The History Place 1996

© 2009 The History Place™. Oct. 2009

<http://www.historyplace.com/civilwar/index.html>

1863

The MacDonald’s, his friends, urge him to publish the manuscript of “Alice”. Macmillans agree to publish it and John Tenniel to illustrate it. Attends celebrations in Oxford to commemorate wedding of Prince and Princess of Wales (March). Journeys to Tenby, West Wales, to visit relatives–Smedleys and Pooles (April). Vaccinated against smallpox (May). Prince and Princess of Wales visit the Deanery, Christ Church, Oxford (June). Spends a few days photographing Rossetti family in London (October).

Self-Portrait, 1863
Self-Portrait, 1863

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Dante Gabriel Rossetti, taken by Carroll in 1863
Dante Gabriel Rossetti, taken by Carroll in 1863

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Context: Formation of the International Red Cross is followed by the adoption of the First Geneva Convention in 1864. 1863–1865: Polish uprising against the Russian Empire. The biologist T.H. Huxley wrote “Man’s Place in Nature“. Edouard Manet‘s submissions to the Salon of 1863, The Picnic, Le Déjeuner sur l’Herbe among them, were rejected and appeared at the Salon des Refusés. The Battle of Gettysburg, which took place during the American Civil War in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, was the largest battle ever fought in North America.

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Sources

Carroll:

“Lewis Carroll, 1863.” Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009.

© Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 17 Oct. 2009

<http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/97087/Lewis-Carroll>.

“Dante Gabriel Rossetti.” Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009.

© Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 17 Oct. 2009

<http://cache-media.britannica.com/eb-media/77/19577-004-6C497A6C.jpg>.

“Who was Lewis Carroll” Britain Unlimited 2002-09

© Britain Unlimited. Oct. 2009

<http://www.britainunlimited.com/Biogs/Carroll.htm>

“The Lewis Carroll Scrapbook Collection: Timeline 1855-1872″

© Edward Wakeling, March 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://rs6.loc.gov/intldl/carrollhtml/lctime.html>

History:

“Timeline Index: 1863”, Timeline Index

© Timeline Index 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://www.timelineindex.com/content/search.php?s=1863&sb.x=0&sb.y=0>

“XIX Century” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 9 Oct 2009

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_century>

“England in the XIX Century”, Tim Lambert.

© LocalHistories.org. Oct. 2009

<http://www.localhistories.org/19thcentengland.html>

1864

Introduced by Tom Taylor to John Tenniel; asks latter to illustrate Alice’s Adventures (January). Tenniel consents (April). Spends a few weeks at Lambeth Palace photographing visitors (July). Visits Isle of Wight and photographs Farringford, the Tennyson’s home, and Mr. Weld (August). Having told the story and been begged by Alice Liddell to write it down, Dodgson eventually (after much delay) presented her with a handwritten, illustrated manuscript entitled Alice’s Adventures Under Ground in November 1864. Meets, for first time, Kate and Ellen Terry in person at their home (December). He was writing to George MacDonald‘s daughter, Mary, letters full of delightful nonsense in no way inferior to that in Alice. Although his letters, like the Alice books, can only be fully appreciated by adults, they are an additional proof that he wrote his nonsense primarily to give pleasure to children.

Ellen Terry, taken by Carroll
Ellen Terry, taken by Carroll

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Maria White, 11 July 1864 - taken by Carroll
Maria White, 11 July 1864 – taken by Carroll

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Context: 1864–66: The Chincha Islands War was an attempt by Spain to regain its South American colonies. 1864–70: The War of the Triple Alliance ends Paraguayan ambitions for expansion and destroys much of the Paraguayan population. First Geneva Convention, first to provide more humane treatment for wounded, signed (August). Jules Verne, Pioneer of Science Fiction writes “Journey to the Center of the Earth“. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec and Richard Strauss are born.

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Sources

Carroll:

“A Lewis Carroll Centenary Exhibition: Photographs of Children”, Harry Ransom Center

© Harry Ransom Center The University of Texas at Austin 2007. Oct. 2009

<http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/web/carroll/lc5.html>

“The Lewis Carroll Scrapbook Collection: Timeline 1855-1872″

© Edward Wakeling, March 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://rs6.loc.gov/intldl/carrollhtml/lctime.html>

“Lewis Carroll”, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 17 Oct 2009

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Carroll>

History:

“Timeline Index: 1864”, Timeline Index

© Timeline Index 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://www.timelineindex.com/content/search.php?s=1864&sb.x=0&sb.y=0>

“XIX Century” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 9 Oct 2009

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_century>

1865

After the possible alternative titles Alice Among the Fairies and Alice’s Golden Hour were rejected, the work was finally published as Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland in 1865 under the Lewis Carroll pen name, which Dodgson had first used some nine years earlier. In June 1865, Lewis Carroll had fifty copies of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland bound up for presentation to family and friends. Meets Sophie Anderson, painter, at her home (April). Alice reprinted–becoming first published edition (November). Letter of complaint from undergraduates at Christ Church, Oxford, published in The Times (November). Sees Henry Dunbar at Olympic Theatre, London (December).

"Alice in Wonderland", 1st edition
“Alice in Wonderland”, 1st edition

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Dymphna Ellis (child friend), 25 July 1865, taken by Carroll
Dymphna Ellis (child friend), 25 July 1865, taken by Carroll

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Context: 1865–77: Reconstruction in the United States; Slavery is banned in the United States by the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. 1865-April 9, Robert E. Lee surrenders the Army of Northern Virginia (26,765 troops) to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia, effectively ending the American Civil War. 1865-April 15, 1865, United States President Abraham Lincoln is assassinated while attending a performance at Fords theater, Washington, D.C.. William Butler Yeats, Irish Poet is born, together with Rudyard Kipling.

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Sources

Carroll:

“A Lewis Carroll Centenary Exhibition: Photographs of Children”, Harry Ransom Center

© Harry Ransom Center The University of Texas at Austin 2007. Oct. 2009

<http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/web/carroll/lc5.html>

“Lewis Carroll”, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 17 Oct 2009

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Carroll>

“A Lewis Carroll Centenary Exhibition: Alice”, Harry Ransom Center

© Harry Ransom Center The University of Texas at Austin 2007. Oct. 2009

<http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/web/carroll/lc7.html>

“The Lewis Carroll Scrapbook Collection: Timeline 1855-1872″

© Edward Wakeling, March 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://rs6.loc.gov/intldl/carrollhtml/lctime.html>

History:

“XIX Century” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 9 Oct 2009

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_century>

“Timeline Index: 1865”, Timeline Index

© Timeline Index 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://www.timelineindex.com/content/search.php?s=1865&sb.x=0&sb.y=0>

“England in the XIX Century”, Tim Lambert.

© LocalHistories.org. Oct. 2009

<http://www.localhistories.org/19thcentengland.html>

1866

The first edition of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland was withdrawn because of bad printing, and only about 21 copies survive—one of the rare books of the 19th century—and the reprint was ready for publication by Christmas of the same year, though dated 1866. Invents “Condensation of Determinants”–reads before Royal Society (May). Goes to Haymarket Theatre to see Edward Askew Sothern perform in Lord Dundreary Married and Done For (June). Travels to Whitburn and Whitby (September). Publishes letters in Pall Mall Gazette and The Times on “Science of Betting” (November).

"Alice in Wonderland", illustration by John Tenniel
“Alice in Wonderland”, illustration by John Tenniel

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Context: 1866: Successful transatlantic telegraph cable follows an earlier attempt in 1858. 1866: Austro-Prussian War results in the dissolution of the German Confederation and the creation of the North German Confederation and the Austrian-Hungarian Dual Monarchy. 1866–1868: Famine in Finland. 1866–69: After the Meiji Restoration, Japan embarks on a program of rapid modernization. Jules Verne‘s novel “From the Earth to the Moon” -the imaginative story of an attempt, made shortly after the U.S. Civil War, to send a projectile to the moon.

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Sources

Carroll:

“Lewis Carroll”, Chris Fleetwood

© Castle View Richmond, Yorkshire and the Dales, 2009. Oct 2009.

<http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/town/parade/hq69/Pages/carroll.html>

“The Lewis Carroll Scrapbook Collection: Timeline 1855-1872″

© Edward Wakeling, March 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://rs6.loc.gov/intldl/carrollhtml/lctime.html>

“A Tenniel Gallery (1): Illustrations for Alice in Wonderland”, Victorian Web 2004

© Victorian Web. Oct 2009

<http://www.victorianweb.org/art/illustration/tenniel/alice/gallery1.html>

History:

“XIX Century” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 9 Oct 2009

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_century>

“Timeline Index: 1866”, Timeline Index

© Timeline Index 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://www.timelineindex.com/content/search.php?s=1866&sb.x=0&sb.y=0>

1867

Begins work on “Through the Looking Glass“. Publishes “The Organization of Charity” in Pall Mall Gazette (January). Sees amateur production of A Sheep in Wolf’s Clothing performed at Olympic Theatre to aid family of C. H. Bennett (May). He also published many mathematical papers under his own name, toured Europe on an extended visit (in 1867). The only occasion on which (as far as is known) he travelled abroad was a trip to Russia with Henry P. Liddon, via France, Belgium, and Germany (July to September), which he recounts in his “Russian Journal” which was first commercially published in 1935.

Through the Looking Glass, illustrated by John Tenniel
Through the Looking Glass, illustrated by John Tenniel

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Context: Nebraska admitted to the Union as thirty-seventh state (February). Dominion of Canada established (March).

Karl Marx publishes Das Kapital. The United States purchased Alaska from Russia. Canadian Confederation formed. Principality of Serbia passes the Constitution which defines its independent from Ottoman Empire. International recognition followed in 1878. Frank Lloyd Wright and Madame Curie are born.

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Sources

Carroll:

“A Tenniel Gallery (4): Illustrations for Through the Looking Glass”, Victorian Web 2004

© Victorian Web. Oct 2009

<http://www.victorianweb.org/art/illustration/tenniel/lookingglass/gallery4.html>

“Who was Lewis Carroll” Britain Unlimited 2002-09

© Britain Unlimited. Oct. 2009

<http://www.britainunlimited.com/Biogs/Carroll.htm>

History:

“Timeline Index: 1867”, Timeline Index

© Timeline Index 2004. Oct. 2009

<http://www.timelineindex.com/content/search.php?s=1867&sb.x=0&sb.y=0>

“XIX Century” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 9 Oct 2009

© Wikipedia.org. Oct. 2009

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_century>

Next (1868-1898)



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